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* Abramyan, A. Massovye gimnasticheskie vystuplenia. Moscow, 1966
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* Bonde, Hans. The Iconic Symbolism of Neils Bukh: Aryan Body Culture, Danish Gymnastics and Nordic Tradition. In J.A. Mangan (ed.). Superman supreme Fascist body as political icon - global fascism. London: Frank Cass, 2000.
* Bonde, Hans. Farmers’ gymnastics in Denmark in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: A Semiotic Analysis of Exercise in Moral Action’, International journal of the History of Sport, 10, 2 (1993).
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* Chvalny, Julius. The Czechoslovakian Spartakiads. Olympic Review, 1976, Vol. 109-110, p. 637-638.
* Claire E. Nolte, "Our Brothers Across the Ocean: The Czech Sokol in America to 1914," Czechoslovak and Central European Journal 11 (1993), 15-37.
* Eichberg, Henning. Nationalism and the Culture of the Body - the Politicisation of "Popular" Gymnastics in 19th Century Denmark. In: J.A. Mangan (ed.). Tribal Identities. Nationalism, Europe and Sport. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
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* Grunberger, Richard. A Social History of the Third Reich. London: Penguin Books, 1991.
* Hansen, Jorn. Politics and Gymnastics in a Frontier Area Post-1948. In: Henrik Meinander and J.A. Mangan (eds.). The Nordic world. Sport in society. London: Frank Cass, 1998.
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* Koenig, H. J., 'Die Anfaenge der juedischen Turn- und Sportbewegung. Stadion XV (1989) 9-28.
* Kracauer, Siegfried. The Mass Ornament. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1955
* Kreßner, D. Zentralstadion Leipzig 1956-1996, Chronik, Leipzig, 1995/96.
* Krueger, Michael. Body Culture and Nation Building: The history of Gymnastics in Germany in the Period of its Foundation as a Nation-State. The International Journal of the History of Sport. Vol. 13/3 (Dec. 1996).
* Krüger, Arnd. There Goes This Art of Manliness: Naturism and Racial Hygiene in Germany. Journal of Sport History, 1991, Vol. 18, No. 1, p. 135-158.
* Kubik, Jan. The power of symbols against the symbols of power: the rise of Solidarity and the fall of state socialism in Poland. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.
* Lane, Christel. The Rites of Rulers: Ritual in Industrial Society-The Soviet Case. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
* Langewiesche, Dieter. "'Für Volk und Vaterland kraeftig zu wirken': Zur politischen und gesellschaftlichen Rolle der Turner zwischen 1811 und 1871," In Kulturgut oder Koerperkult, 22-61. Ed. Ommo Grupe. Tübingen: Attempto, 1990.
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* Liponski, Wojciech. Sport, politics, class and gender: sport in the Slavic world before communism - cultural traditions and national functions. European Sports History Review , vol 1 (1999).
* Ljunggren, Jens. The Masculine Road Through Modernity: Ling Gymnastics and Male Socialization in 19th Century Sweden. In: J.A. Mangan (ed.). Making European Masculinities. Sport, Europe, Gender. London: Frank Cass, 2000.
* Loiperdinger, Martin. Rituale der Mobilmachung: Der Parteitagsfilm `Triumph des Willens’ von Leni Riefenstahl. Opladen, 1987.
* Luh, Andreas. Der Deutsche Turnverband in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik. Oldenbourg Press, 1988.
* MacAloon, John J., ed. Rite, Drama, Festival, Spectacle. Philadelphia: ISHI, 1984.
* Macura, Vladimír. Štastný vek. Symboly, emblémy a mýty 1948 - 1989. (Happy Age. Symbols, Emblems and Myths 1948 – 1989) Prague: Paseka, 1992.
* Magdalinski, Tara. Beyond Hitler: Alfred Baeumler, Idology and Physical Education in the Third Reich. Sporting Traditions, 11?2 (May 1995) 61-80.
* Magdalinski, Tara. Sport and politics: organized memories - the construction of sporting traditions in the German Democratic Republic. European Sports History Review , Vol. 1 (1999).
* Mangan, J.A. The Potent Image and the Permanent Prometheus. In J.A. Mangan (ed.) Shaping the Superman. Fascist Body as Political Icon. Aryan Fascism. London: Frank Cass, 1999.
* Mosse, George L. The Image of Man. The Creation of Modern Masculinity. Oxford University Press, 1996.
* Mosse, George L. The Nationalisation of the Masses. Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars through the Third Reich. New York: Cornell University Press, 1975.
* Neumann, H. Deutsche Turnfeste, Spiegelbild der deutschen Turnbewegung. 2. Auflage, Limpert, Wiesbaden, 1987.
* Nolte, Claire E. "Every Czech a Sokol": Feminism and Nationalism in the Czech Sokol Movement,” Austrian History Yearbook, Vol, XXIV (1993): 79-100.
* Nolte, Claire. "Politics on the Parallel Bars: The Role of Gymnastic Clubs in Nineteenth Century Bohemia," Ethnic and National Issues in Russian and East European History, 2000.
* Nolte, Claire. "Choosing Czech Identity in Nineteenth-Century Prague: The Case of Jindrich Fugner," Nationalities Papers 24 (1996).
* Oates-Indruchova, Libora. "The Ideology of the Genderless Sporting Body: Reflections on the Czech State-Socialist Concept of Physical Culture." In In/determinate Bodies, ed. by Naomi Segal, Roger Cook, Carl Stychin, and Lib Taylor. Palgrave and St. Martin's Press. 2001. (in press)
* Riefenstahl Leni Hinter den Kulisen des Reichsparteitagfilms, Munich, 1935
* Riordan, James. Sport, politics, and communism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991.
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* Sontag Susan, Under the Sign of Saturn (New York: Vintage Books, 1991)
* Thamer, Hans-Ulrich. The Orchestration of the National Community: The Nuremberg Party Rallies of the NSDAP. In Gunter Berghaus (ed) Fascism and Theatre. Comparative Studies on the Aesthetics and Politics of Performance in Europe, 1925-1945. Oxford, 1996.
* Theweleit, Klaus Male Fantasies (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989). Vol. II
* Tolleneer, Jan. The Dual Meaning of "Fatherland" and Catholic Gymnasts in Belgium, 1882-1914. In: J.A. Mangan (ed.). Tribal Identities. Nationalism, Europe and Sport. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
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* Turner, Viktor. The Anthropology of Performance. New York: DAJ Publications, 1986.
*Überhorst, Horst. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and His Time, 1778-1852. Munich: Moos, 1978.
* Vernon, Doremy. Tiller's girls. London : Robson, 1988.
* Weber, Wolfgang. Von Jahn zu Hitler: Politik- und Organisationsgesichte des Deutschen Turnens in Vorarlberg 1847 bis 1938. Constance, 1995.
* Weber, Wolfgang and Paula Black. Muscular Anschluss: German Bodies and Austrian Imitators. In J.A. Mangan (ed.). Superman supreme Fascist body as political icon - global fascism. London: Frank Cass, 2000.
* Whiting, H.T.A. & D.W. Masterson. Readings in the Aesthetics of Sport. Lepus Books, Lonon. 1974.
* Windhausen, John D. and Irina V. Tsypkina. National Identity and the Emergence of the Sports Movement in Imperial Russia. In: J.A. Mangan (ed.). Tribal Identities. Nationalism, Europe and Sport. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
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* Zelnhefer, Siegfried. Die Reichsparteige der NSDAP: Geschichte, Struktur und Bedeutung der grossten Propagandafeste im Nationalsozialistischen Feierjahr. Nuremberg, 1991.

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